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Compare Kyrgyzstan (2003) - San Marino (2008)

Compare Kyrgyzstan (2003) z San Marino (2008)

 Kyrgyzstan (2003)San Marino (2008)
 KyrgyzstanSan Marino
Administrative divisions 7 provinces (oblastlar, singular - oblasty) and 1 city* (shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)


note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Age structure 0-14 years: 33.8% (male 836,593; female 819,615)


15-64 years: 59.9% (male 1,436,371; female 1,492,884)


65 years and over: 6.3% (male 117,405; female 189,940) (2003 est.)
0-14 years: 16.8% (male 2,573/female 2,404)


15-64 years: 66.1% (male 9,388/female 10,178)


65 years and over: 17.1% (male 2,190/female 2,882) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports 68 (2002) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 18


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 11


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
-
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 50


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 36 (2002)
-
Area total: 198,500 sq km


land: 191,300 sq km


water: 7,200 sq km
total: 61.2 sq km


land: 61.2 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than South Dakota about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, Kyrgyzstan was annexed by Russia in 1864; it achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Current concerns include: privatization of state-owned enterprises, expansion of democracy and political freedoms, interethnic relations, and combating terrorism. The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy; social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate 26.06 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 9.89 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues: $207.4 million


expenditures: $238.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues: $709.6 million


expenditures: $672.3 million (2004)
Capital Bishkek name: San Marino


geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February 2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic


conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan


local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy


local short form: none


former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino


conventional short form: San Marino


local long form: Repubblica di San Marino


local short form: San Marino
Currency Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) -
Death rate 9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $1.5 billion (2002 est.) $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen M. YOUNG


embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, 720016 Bishkek


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217


FAX: [996] (312) 551-264
the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Bakyt ABDRISAYEV


chancery: 1732 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: [1] (202) 338-5141


FAX: [1] (202) 338-5139


consulate(s): New York
San Marino does not have an embassy in the US


honorary consulate(s) general: New York, Washington, DC


honorary consulate(s): Detroit, Honolulu
Disputes - international Kyrgyzstan's constitutional court has ruled that 1,270 sq km ceded to China in a 2000 delimitation agreement were legally transferred; delimitation with Kazakhstan is largely complete with only minor disputed areas; disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistan; serious disputes with Uzbekistan around Uzbek enclaves mar progress on delimitation efforts none
Economic aid - recipient $50 million from the US (2001) $NA
Economy - overview Kyrgyzstan is a small, poor, mountainous country with a predominantly agricultural economy. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, and natural gas and electricity. Kyrgyzstan has been fairly progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first CIS country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. With fits and starts, inflation has been lowered to an estimated 7% in 2001, 2.1% in 2002, and 4.0% in 2003. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995 production began to recover and exports began to increase. Growth was held down to 2.1% in 1998 largely because of the spillover from Russia's economic difficulties, but moved ahead to 3.6% in 1999, 5% in 2000, and 5% again in 2001. The drop in output at the Kumtor gold mine sparked a 0.5% decline in GDP in 2002 and again in 2003. On the positive side, the government and the international financial institutions have been engaged in a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy. Further restructuring of domestic industry and success in attracting foreign investment are keys to future growth. The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2006 more than 2.1 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, clothing and apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity - consumption 10.46 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 2.25 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 200 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 13.45 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 7.6%


hydro: 92.4%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m


highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m


highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups Kyrgyz 52.4%, Russian 18%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%, other 11.8% Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates soms per US dollar - 46.94 (2002), 48.38 (2001), 47.7 (2000), 39.01 (1999), 20.84 (1998) euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state: President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990)


head of government: Prime Minister Nikolay TANAYEV (since 22 May 2002); note - Prime Minister Kurmanbek BAKIYEV resigned on 22 May 2002 when five demonstrators were killed in a clash with police in March of 2002


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; elections last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held November or December 2005); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Askar AKAYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Askar AKAYEV 74%, Omurbek TEKEBAYEV 14%, other candidates 12%; note - election marred by serious irregularities
chief of state: Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Mirko TOMASSONI and Captain Regent Alberto SELVA (for the period 1 October 2007-31 March 2008)


head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006)


cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term


elections: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2007 (next to be held in March 2008); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 27 July 2006 (next to be held by 2011)


election results: Mirko TOMASSONI and Alberto SELVA elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA


note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles
Exports NA (2001) $1.291 billion (2004)
Exports - commodities cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, hydropower; machinery; shoes building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Exports - partners Switzerland 19.9%, Russia 16.5%, UAE 14.2%, China 8.5%, Kazakhstan 7.6%, US 7.4%, Uzbekistan 5.7% (2002) -
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP purchasing power parity - $13.88 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 35%


industry: 25%


services: 40% (2002 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,900 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 5.3% (2002 est.) 4.6% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 41 00 N, 75 00 E 43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Highways total: 18,500 km


paved: 16,854 km (including 140 km of expressways)


unpaved: 1,646 km (1999 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3.2%


highest 10%: 27.7% (1999)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe -
Imports NA (2001) $2.035 billion (2004)
Imports - commodities oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Imports - partners Kazakhstan 21.1%, Russia 19.9%, Uzbekistan 10.2%, China 10.1%, US 8.1%, Germany 5.3% (2002) -
Independence 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) 3 September AD 301
Industrial production growth rate 6% (2000 est.) 5.6% (2005 est.)
Industries small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate total: 75.34 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 84.72 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 65.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
total: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 5.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.1% (2002 est.) -1.5% (2006)
International organization participation AsDB, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW (signatory), OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) NA -
Irrigated land 10,740 sq km (1998 est.) NA
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president); Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force 2.7 million (2000) 20,470 (2004)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (2000 est.) agriculture: 0.2%


industry: 40.1%


services: 59.7% (2006 est.)
Land boundaries total: 3,878 km


border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
total: 39 km


border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use arable land: 7.04%


permanent crops: 0.39%


other: 92.57%


note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest (1998 est.)
arable land: 16.67%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 83.33% (2005)
Languages Kyrgyz - official language, Russian - official language


note: in December 2001, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an official language, equal in status to Kyrgyz
Italian
Legal system based on civil law system based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Supreme Council or Zhogorku Kenesh consists of the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005); Legislative Assembly - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005)


election results: Assembly of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; and Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - total seats by party in the Supreme Council were as follows: Union of Democratic Forces 12, Communists 6, My Country Party of Action 4, independents 73, other 10


note: the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections; the 2000 election results include both the Assembly of People's Representatives and the Legislative Assembly
unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 4 June 2006 (next to be held by June 2011)


election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 32.9%, Party of Socialists and Democrats 31.9%, AP 11.9%, United Left 8.7%, New Socialist Party 5.4%, other parties 9.2%; seats by party - PDCS 21, Party of Socialists and Democrats 20, AP 7, United Left 5, New Socialist Party 3, others 4; note - following a government reshuffle on 28 NOvember 2007, a splinter party of the PDCS joined the center-left coalition formed by the Party of Socialists and Democrats, the APDS, and the United Left strengthening the government's parliamentary majority to 36 seats out of 60
Life expectancy at birth total population: 63.66 years


male: 59.49 years


female: 68.03 years (2003 est.)
total population: 81.8 years


male: 78.33 years


female: 85.57 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97%


male: 99%


female: 96% (1989 est.)
definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 96%


male: 97%


female: 95%
Location Central Asia, west of China Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references Asia Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (landlocked)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Italy
Military branches Army, Air and Air Defense, Security Forces, Border Troops no regular military forces; Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar) performs ceremonial duties and limited police functions (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $19.2 million (FY01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (FY01) NA
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,265,019 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,026,063 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 54,445 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 31 August (1991) Founding of the Republic, 3 September (AD 301)
Nationality noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)


adjective: Kyrgyzstani
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)


adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards NA NA
Natural resources abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc building stone
Net migration rate -2.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 10.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines gas 367 km; oil 13 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson S. SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan [Arkin ALIYEV]; Ata-Meken or Fatherland [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Banner National Revival Party or ASABA [Chaprashty BAZARBAY]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Democratic Women's Party of Kyrgyzstan [T. A. SHAILIYEVA]; Dignity Party [Feliks KULOV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party [Tursunbay Bakir UULU]; Justice Party [Chingiz AYTMATOV]; Movement for the People's Salvation [Jumgalbek AMAMBAYEV]; Mutual Help Movement or Ashar [Jumagazy USUPOV]; My Country Party of Action [Almazbek ISMANKULOV]; National Unity Democratic Movement or DDNE [Yury RAZGULYAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Absamat M. MASALIYEV]; Party of the Veterans of the War in Afghanistan [leader NA]; Peasant Party [leader NA]; People's Party [Melis ESHIMKANOV]; Republican Popular Party of Kyrgyzstan [J. SHARSHENALIYEV]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [J. IBRAMOV]; Union of Democratic Forces (composed of Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or PSD [J. IBRAMOV], Economic Revival Party, and Birimdik Party) Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [Glauco SANSOVINI]; New Socialist Party [Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or AP [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]; United Left
Political pressure groups and leaders Council of Free Trade Unions; Kyrgyz Committee on Human Rights [Ramazan DYRYLDAYEV]; National Unity Democratic Movement; Union of Entrepreneurs NA
Population 4,892,808 (July 2003 est.) 29,615 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 55% (2001 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.46% (2003 est.) 1.219% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye) -
Radio broadcast stations AM 12 (plus 10 repeater stations), FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998) AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways total: 420 km


broad gauge: 420 km 1.520-m gauge (2002)
-
Religions Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5% Roman Catholic
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.922 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.915 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: poorly developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied applications for household telephones


domestic: principally microwave radio relay; one cellular provider, probably limited to Bishkek region


international: connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1 Intelsat; connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line
general assessment: adequate connections


domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 130 telephones per 100 persons


international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use 351,000 (1997) 21,000 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 17,390 (2006)
Television broadcast stations NA (repeater stations throughout the country relay programs from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey) (1997) 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation rugged mountains
Total fertility rate 3.12 children born/woman (2003 est.) 1.34 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 7.2% (1999 est.) 3.8% (2004)
Waterways 600 km (1990) -
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